is nicolas flamel still alive

The historical Flamel lived in Paris in the 14th and 15th centuries, and his life is one of the best documented in the history of medieval alchemy. The legend of Flamel as an immortal alchemist probably dates to 17th century. For Flamel, this was reputed to include a strange, reddish "projection powder." Nicolas Flamel The Scribe Living (in) the Alchemists Dream . said to have died in 1418. However, Dumbledore assured him that, for them, it would be like "going to bed after a very, very long day", implying that when Nicolas and his wife passed on, their deaths would be dignified and peaceful. The historical records show, however, that this humble bookseller inexplicably became wealthy at this time - so wealthy, in fact, that he built housing for the poor, established free hospitals and made generous donations to churches. According to myth, he was a bookseller and opera. (F / CC BY-SA 4.0 ). Is Nicholas Flamel still ALIVE? . Sophie and Josh Newman are finally home, but they're both more confused than ever about their future. (Tangopaso / Public Domain ). Virtually none of his newfound wealth was used to enhance his own way of living but was used exclusively for charitable purposes. Why do people say that forever is not altogether real in love and relationship. Canches recognised Abraham the Jew as one of the earliest masters of the Jewish mystical tradition of Kabbalah and translated the few pages Flamel had with him before agreeing to travel back to France and translate the rest. Discover the truth behind Michael Scott's New York Times bestselling series the Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel with the lost story "Nicholas Flamel and the Codex," an ebook original short story. For example, in, The works of Nicolas Flamel are central to several missions found in the 2014 video game, Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel. (CSvBibra / Public Domain ). There are reports of him and Perenelle having faked their deaths and escaped to India, and their immortality is all down to his supposed alchemical genius. However, she declared that everyone believed in him, which made him go. [12], Flamel fighting the flames conjured by Grindelwald, Flamel arrived as Grindelwald had escaped and unleashed Protego Diabolica in an attempt to destroy Paris, a kind of Dark magic so powerful and unstable that none of the assembled wizards opposed to the Dark wizard knew how to counter it. Perenelle Flamel (wife) [4]Flamel family[4] Which would indeed make him around 665 at the time of Philosophers Stone if he had really had access to Elixir of Life (and some people think he might have). What is Alchemy? [5], Belying his frail exterior, Nicolas Flamel was a very powerful and accomplished wizard. Flamel was able to discern from the first pages of the book that it was written by someone who called himself Abraham the Jew - "a prince, priest, Levite, astrologer, and philosopher.". Marital status The Chilling Mystery of the Octavius Ghost Ship, Film Footage Provides Intimate View of HMS Gloucester Shipwreck, Top 8 Legendary Parties - Iconic Celebrations in Ancient History, The Spanish Inquisition: The Truth Behind the Black Legend (Part II), The Spanish Inquisition: The Truth behind the Dark Legend (Part I), Bloodthirsty Buddhists: The Sohei Warrior Monks of Feudal Japan, Iron Age Comb Made from Human Skull Discovered Near Cambridge, Dizzying Inca Rope Bridges Were Grass-Made Marvels of Engineering, Two Centuries Of Naval Espionage In Europe, Egyptologists Reveal a Lost Chamber in the Great Pyramid With Cosmic Rays, Medieval Sea Monster Was Likely a Whale, New Research Reveals, What is Shambhala? While Newton is best-known for his immense contributions to classical mechanics, optics, and calculus, he is much less known for his alchemical works. Neither is there anything about him dabbling in the related fields of pharmacy and medicine, nor any evidence that Flamel had acquired any further education beyond that which was necessary for his job as a scribe. Nicholas Flamel certainly did exist, but was he ever an all powerful alchemist who found the secrets of the universe and of eternal life? There is no indication that the real Flamel of history was involved in alchemy, pharmacy or medicine. through his alchemy. The contamination is thought to have occurred because the cells were usually grown fresh from monkeys as opposed to from a stock of laboratory cells and SV40 is a common infection in the most widely used species, the rhesus macaque. Historical records indicate that officially, Flamel died in 1418 at the age of 88, after which his house was ransacked by people who would steal the Philosophers Stone and the Book of Abramelin, but it was never found. Of course considering that Flamel never was really known as an alchemist until books published centuries after his death, there is the argument that these were nothing but myths dressed up around a real historical figure in order to sell books, the manuscripts attributed to him written by someone else, the whole of it embellished at best and pure fabrication at worst. instead of going through that whole complicated process. It is said that he later funded both the academy's chateau and grounds, and a fountain on the grounds was named after the couple.[3]. It was also full of awe-inspiring symbols which Flamel realised were instructions on alchemy. In addition, alchemists believe that the various metals have different levels of perfection. It turns out ordinary human cells can only divide between 40 and 60 times before they undergo a violent, pre-determined death. By then, the couple were almost 400 years old. This created a cleansing orange fire which, directed nonverbally by Flamel and the other, eliminated the effect of Grindelwald's spell and saved the whole of city from destruction. The phenomenal success of J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter books and series of films based on themhas introduced a whole new generation of children (and their parents) to the world of magic, sorcery, and alchemy. Personally I believe either, alchemy is It is hard to say, but Nicholas Flamel has definitely made his mark upon history one way or another. He continued to study, research and meditate on the mysterious book for three years, after which he was able to perform a feat that had eluded alchemists for centuries - transmutation. In addition, Flamel the alchemist is also famous for having successfully created the Philosophers Stone, which has the power to transform lead into gold. In the Exposition of the Hieroglyphical Figures , Flamel claims to have bought for two florins a book entitled the Book of Abraham the Jew , and notes that I believe it had been stolen or taken from the miserable Jews; or found hid in some part of the ancient place of their abode. It was a humble trade, but one that provided him with the relatively rare abilities to read and write. But the symbols and writing in this book were beyond Flamel's understanding, although he strove to solve its mysteries for over 21 years. Canches, too, was not eager to help Flamel until he mentioned Abraham the Jew. recommend reading 'The Alchemist', it talks about Nicholas Flamel. But one day you will see in it that which no other man will be able to see.". Without it, you and I might not even be alive, says Stuart Jay Olshansky, an expert in biodemography and gerontology at the University of Illinois, Chicago. This belief . One possible explanation for the Flamels philanthropy is that they were childless and therefore could afford to spend on charitable works and monumental art pieces. In 1927, the Magizoologist Newton Scamander decided to take advantage of the invitation and arrived at the Flamel House alongside two Americans by the name of Porpentina Goldstein and Jacob Kowalski, as well as Yusuf Kama. In 1612, the streets of Paris were alive with a tantalising rumour that a man had achieved immortality. After his death, Flamel developed a reputation as an alchemist believed to have created and discovered the philosopher's stone and to have thereby achieved immortality. With our current scientific understanding, the goals of alchemy seem impossible. [4], Flamel was also well known for his love of opera. It was never found. Flamel later wrote down what the angel spoke to him: "Look well at this book, Nicholas. The records show that he died in 1418, but what if he's actually been making the elixir of life for centuries? Delivering the latest news and official products from the Wizarding World and our partners. 2016. In total, the cells are likely to have spared 10.3 million lives. He claimed to have discovered the key of eternal life through his alchemy. This strict cut-off is known as the Hayflick limit, and it has two important consequences. Join the Fan Club and bring your traits with you. Discover the truth behind Michael Scott's New York Times bestselling series the Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel wit Pierre. 2019. But scientists were urgently in need of another way. Unfortunately, religious persecution had recently driven all of the Jews out of France. Nicolas Flamel (c. 1326[1]c. By the 1990s, Nicolas had moved to Great Britain with his wife and enjoyed a quiet life in Devon. Gilbert, R. and Multhauf, R. 2019. One night, Flamel had a strange and vivid dream in which an angel appeared to him. [Online] Available at: https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Ancillary_Materials/Exemplars_an Wu Mingren (Dhwty) has a Bachelor of Arts in Ancient History and Archaeology. [6] There is an old inscription on the wall, which states, "We, plowmen and women living at the porch of this house, built in 1407, are requested to say every day an 'Our Father' and an 'Ave Maria' praying God that His grace forgive poor and dead sinners." After their marriage, Flamel continued to work as a bookseller. This is considered to be the earliest attempt to classify the elements and the beginning of the periodic table. The French Catholic couple owned several properties and contributed financially to churches, sometimes by commissioning sculptures. After his death, Flamel developed a reputation as an alchemist believed to have created and discovered the philosopher's stone and to have thereby achieved immortality. Nevertheless, some historians of science today do not dismiss alchemy entirely but consider the principles in them as having had an influence on the great discoveries in the history of science. What is not widely known, however, is that at least one of the characters - and his magical quest - referred to in Harry Potter is based on a real alchemist and his strange experiments. Although Flamel had supposedly died in the 15th century, stories began to appear that all was not as it seemed. Why was the decision Roe v. Wade important for feminists? The journey was unsuccessful, however. The book had been written by someone else. He claimed that the source of the Flamel legend was P. Arnauld de la Chevalerie, publisher of Exposition of the Hieroglyphical Figures, who wrote the book under the pseudonym Eiranaeus Orandus. Loyalty The truth: Nicholas Flamel was born in Paris on September 28, 1330. Then in 1962, Hayflick made another discovery. Flamel immediately recognized the strange, copper-bound book as the one offered by the angel in his dream. The same power of the stone that brings about transmutation can also result in the Elixir of Life, which would allow a person to live forever or, by some accounts, at least 1,000 years. He owed his considerable age to the Elixir of Life, which was produced from the Stone, along with his wife Perenelle. (Learn more about the immortal cells of Henrietta Lacks.). And he might still be alive today! Firstly, our current lifespans might not just be constrained by the way we live our lives our diets, and so on. Any material collected is subject to the Common Rule a set of ethical standards introduced in 1981, which researchers must comply with in order to receive federal funding. Nefer Say Nefer - Was Nefertiti Buried in the Valley of the Queens? The Juiciest Facts about Nicolas Flamel . Before Hayflicks discovery, scientists had got around the division limit by continually replenishing their cell supplies with fresh ones from new animals, or using cancerous cells since cancer doesnt play by the same rules as healthy tissue, and will keep growing indefinitely. In this light, the cell line is considered by some as potentially representing aprivacy risk. Who Destroyed the Great Library of Alexandria? When Paris couldn't provide answers, he set off to Spain to find a Jewish scholar and came across Maestro Canches, a learned Jewish man living in Leon. And his story is almost as fantastic and enchanting as Harry Potter's. Flamel became a noted alchemist of considerable talent. This startling feat attracted the attention of the powerful Cardinal Richelieu who demanded to know how the powder worked. Today the cells are routinely used to make vaccines against polio, measles, mumps, rubella, varicella zoster (chicken pox), herpes zoster, adenovirus, rabies and Hepatitis A. A Blazing Weapon: Unraveling the Mystery of Greek Fire. [4] They lived happily together for the over 600 years that they were together. [7], A closer shot of the Auberge Nicolas Flamel, June 2008. He had two humble shops in Paris, and married a woman named Perenelle in 1368. . The real Nicolas Flamel because he was a real person was probably born in 1330 in Pontoise, near Paris. In Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone, Nicolas Flamel is the only known maker of the Philosophers Stone, an object capable of turning metal into gold and granting immortality with its Elixir of Life. Legendary accounts of Flamel's life are based on 17th-century works, primarily Livre des figures hiroglyphiques. An alchemical book, published in Paris in 1612 as Livre des figures hiroglyphiques and in London in 1624 as Exposition of the Hieroglyphical Figures was attributed to Flamel. Nicolas Flamel shared the Elixir of Life with Perenelle, making them both functionally immortal until the Stone was destroyed in 1992. Such good works would also ensure that Flamel and his wife would continue to be remembered and commemorated after their deaths. [12], A moment after Jacob left, the vision in the crystal ball changed and presented the upcoming tragic events at Grindelwald's rally. Discover the truth in Michael Scott's New York Times bestselling series the Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel with the first three books: The Alchemyst, The Magician, and The Sorceress. Kauna unahang parabula na inilimbag sa bhutan? (Mary Mark Ockerbloom / Public Domain ). Free shipping for many products! House of Nicolas Flamel . The starting situation of the story is perfectly accurate: Nicolas Flamel was indeed a bourgeois book-seller living in the center of Paris. Today, alchemy is generally considered to be a pseudo-science. They also saw Credence Barebone and Nagini heading there, along with Queenie Goldstein, Tina's sister and Jacob's fiancee. Flamel had achieved legendary status within the circles of alchemy by the mid 17th century, with references in Isaac Newton's journals to "the Caduceus, the Dragons of Flammel". Nicolas Flamel: His Exposition of the Hieroglyphicall Figures (1624) . [5] At some point, he created the Philosopher's Stone, an item of immense magical power. Conniff, R. 2014. For instance, one of the ways the couple spent their wealth was to commission sculpted works for churches, an example of which is the tympanum of the charnel house (long since destroyed) of the Holy Innocents Cemetery. For Nicolas Flamel, Pernelle was that woman. Flamel allegedly went on to make understanding the book his lifes work, feverishly spending all of his available time scouring Paris for clues and locked away in his study hunched over it. His death is believed to have taken place on the 22nd of March the following year. Who were the models in Van Halen's finish what you started video? Archaeologists have been able to take a closer look at one of the United Kingdoms most famous shipwrecks. But though the Hayflick limit currently seems like a formidable barrier for people, its no longer such a problem for scientists. With the Stone, he created the Elixir of Life, a potion that made the drinker functionally immortal as long as it was regularly ingested. The house is probably the oldest in Paris. Flamel apparently knew enough to recognize that the book had something to do with alchemy, and he suspected there were profound secrets within the books pages, but at the time these eluded him. The house, known today as the Nicolas Flamel House, was completed in 1407 and is situated at 51 Rue de Montmorency, in the 3rd arrondissement of Paris. On his way back from Santiago de Compostela, Flamel met a merchant from Bologna at Leon, who told him of a physician in the city by the name of Master Canches. sent to the Karolinska Institute in northwest Stockholm, for the very reason that their mother was infected with the virus, 90% chance of passing the virus to her unborn child. But Jews were still not allowed in Paris and Canches' extreme old age would have made the journey difficult anyway. 2018. These inactivated particles become the active ingredient the part that teaches the immune system what to look out for. Though they had enough Elixir to set their affairs in order, it was expected that they would die shortly thereafter as their supply ran out. The Sorceress The Secrets Of The Immortal Nicholas Flamel is available in our book collection an online access to it is set The reference to Flamel marks one of the few occasions in which a real person has been referenced as a character in the Potter books. For example, the first element to have been discovered that was not already known in ancient times was phosphorus. And how can we justify continuing to use them? He and his wife began giving massive amounts of money to various philanthropist projects, as well as making donations to the Church, with no one able to figure out where all of this money was coming from. Most people know of the great construction achievements of the dynastic Egyptians such as the pyramids and temples of the Giza Plateau area as well as the Sphinx. So began his obsessive quest to decipher the book. The sage translated the few pages Flamel had brought with him, before agreeing to return to Paris with his to help with the rest of it. Continue Learning about General Arts & Entertainment. 2019. Although Lucas was skeptical at first, he started to believe when the philosopher described the Book of Abraham and how Flamel had come into its possession. The house, known today as the Nicolas Flamel House, was completed in 1407 and is situated at 51 Rue de Montmorency, in the 3rd arrondissement of Paris. And he might still be alive today! As an adult, Nicholas Flamel worked as a bookseller in Paris. Library in Stone: The Ica Stones of Professor Cabrera Part I, Two Sides to Every Story: The North American Martyrs Shrines and Indigenous/ Roman Catholic Relations, The Origins of the Faeries: Encoded in our Cultures Part I, Curse of the Buried Pearl: The Hunt for Ancient Treasures Part I, The Enigma of the Shugborough Inscription, Making a Magical Substance for Health and Wealth - Discovery of Alchemy Transcripts by Newton, Medieval Science Fiction Existed Heres What it Looked Like, Religion Isnt The Enemy of Science: Its Been Inspiring Scientists for Centuries, Following Symbols and the Bones of a Dead Sorcerer: Mysteries of the Camino de Santiago Part II, Ancient Mythology Informs Modern Series: The Fantastical Folktales of Harry Potter, The Forgotten Cleopatra: Searching for Cleopatra the Alchemist and Her Golden Secret, https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/house-of-nicolas-flamel. Between 1300 and 1326[1] [Online] Available at: https://historyofalchemy.com/list-of-alchemists/nicolas-flamel/, Molli. [4], J. K. Rowling related that several months into the writing of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, she had a highly detailed and exceptionally vivid dream about Flamel, which was like "a renaissance painting come to life". Gellert Grindelwald's Paris rally participants, Plot to steal the Philosopher's Stone participants, Ilvermorny School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald - The Original Screenplay, Writing by J. K. Rowling: "Beauxbatons Academy of Magic", Writing by J. K. Rowling: "Nicolas Flamel", A Collection of Above Three Hundred Receipts in Cookery, Physick, and Surgery, The Famous French Method for the Bite of a Mad Dog. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife, and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday. Nicholas Flamel was born in the medieval age in France. One of the best-known of these figures, for instance, is Isaac Newton . Nicolas Flamel Explained: The Basics. This is the story of the cells that helped to overcome this obstacle, and their controversial origins at a clinic in Sweden. Canches had certainly heard of this great sage who was wise in the teachings of the mysterious kabbalah. Flamel would remain a fixture of the alchemical world into later centuries, mentioned in various works of fiction and even making his way into modern pop culture, appearing in the best-selling novel Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone and its film adaptation, as well as its spinoff film Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald. Albus Dumbledore, his good and long-time friend, Albus Dumbledore was a close friend to Nicolas. The legend: Nicholas Flamel discovered the secret of TIME USA, LLC. TM & WBEI. [Online] Available at: http://www.levity.com/alchemy/flamel.html. Some believe that the character of Flamel was invented by 17th-century publishers in a bid to sell lots of supposedly ancient alchemical books. The topic of this article is of a real-life subject that has been mentioned "in-universe" in a canon source. Nicolas Flamel only gained his reputation as an alchemist during the 17th century and was able to maintain it for over a century. But Dubois only possessed what remained of his ancestor's powder and was unable to read the book of Abraham the Jew. Wand Numerous vaccines are made using the cells, which were taken from a foetus in the 1960s. Does the ancient knowledge of transmutation and the Elixir of Life really exist? According to the Harry Potter stories, Albus Dumbledore, the headmaster of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, earned his reputation as a great wizard due, in part, to his work on alchemy with his partner, Nicolas Flamel. Besides various alleged sightings of Flamel long after he should have been dead, in the 17th century, an archeologist named Paul Lucas was in Broussa, Turkey, sent by King Louis XIV on a fact finding mission. I Rubella can cause a number of serious consequences during pregnancy, such as stillbirth and miscarriage. [10], In the 1890s, Nicolas first came into contact with the brilliant teenager Albus Dumbledore. Apart from the fact that some people feel uncomfortable about its links to abortion, the woman whose foetus the cells came from, who Wadman has named Mrs X, did not consent to its use. When Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone was written, Flamel's age was pegged at 665 years. Nicolas Flamel was a Western alchemist and also interested in transmutation. Is Nicolas Flamel Still Alive? Nicholas Flamel appeared in J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter but did you know he really lived? The story goes that one night he had a vivid dream of an angel, which came to him showing him a book and proclaiming Look well at this book, Nicholas. Affiliation [Online] Available at: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/alchemy-may-not-been-pseudoscienc Dixon, L. 1994. After a few days, he wasleft with a continuous sheet of cells. Nicholas Flamel is the greatest Alchemyst to ever live. Unknown length, wood and core[6] Later in that century, King Louis XIV dispatched an archeologist named Paul Lucas on a scientific fact-finding mission in the East. Why are the cells so special? All the official documents relating to his life have been found: his marriage contract, his deeds of gift, his will. While the claims made about Flamel the alchemist are quite far-fetched, they do provide some interesting material for reading. The Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris contains works copied in his own hand and original works written by him. Because of his lifetime of achievements, it is likely that he was simply concerned that his advanced age had dulled his abilities. Hence, after Lord Voldemort very nearly succeeded in capturing his Philosopher's Stone, Nicolas willingly had it destroyed, having collected enough Elixir of Life to set his and his wife's affairs in order. MRC-5 cells, named after the initials of the Medical Research Council where they were collected, were obtained from the lungs of another three-month-old foetus. 'Nicholas Flamel'. According to contemporary sources, he was a scribe and manuscript seller. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/alchemy-may-not-been-pseudoscienc https://historyofalchemy.com/list-of-alchemists/nicolas-flamel/, https://www.discoverwalks.com/blog/the-juiciest-facts-about-nicolas-flamel/. [4] He was buried in Paris at the end of the nave of the former Church of Saint-Jacques-de-la-Boucherie. http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1910417_1 https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Ancillary_Materials/Exemplars_an Alchemy and Immortality The Tale of Nicolas Flamel and the Lapis Philosophorum. As Hayflick has noted previously although perhaps rather insensitively as early as 1984, WI-38 had become the first cultured normal human cell population to ever reach voting age. Family members . Nicolas Flamel married Pernelle, a good-looking, intelligent widow, slightly older than himself and the possessor of a little property. occupations. The records show that he died in 1418, but what if he's actually been making the elixir of life for centuries? Polio once left people with lifelong conditions, but has been effectively killed off in the wild thanks to a vaccine (Credit: Getty Images). 200 years before the 1920s is the 1720s, to say it is a rough approximation. The angel had appeared holding a book, telling him: One day you will see in it that which no other man will be able to see. While he was there, Lucas made the acquaintance of a wise philosopher who told him that Flamel and his wife had harnessed the secrets of immortality through the use of the Philosophers Stone. [Online] Available at: https://www.theoldcraft.com/2018/03/22/nicolas-flamel-living-the-alchemi Redford, B. Lucas was told that Flamel and his wife had both achieved immortality, faked their own deaths and funerals, and then moved to India, where they still lived. In his youth, Nicolas attended Beauxbatons Academy of Magic in the Pyrenees Mountains of France, and it was there that he met Perenelle, his future wife. This includes potentially hundreds of thousands with post-polio syndrome, in which muscles slowly weaken and shrink. Flamel is mentioned in Victor Hugos The Hunchback of Notre Dame, the composer Erik Satie was said to be fascinated by him, and the freemason Albert Pike mentions him in his book Morals and Dogma, a philosophical rationale of freemasonry. At the time, Hayflick was sourcing the cells he used for his research from this institution. With this knowledge, over the next few years, Flamel and his wife allegedly decoded enough of the book to successfully replicate its recipe for the philosopher's stone, producing first silver in 1382 and then gold. The citys homeless were allowed to stay in these houses, on the condition that they prayed for the souls of the dead. History of the Periodic Table . While the 's' is articulated in the. This was said to be accomplished with the aid of a "philosopher's stone." Because cells are mortal individually, if you grow them in a petri dish, sooner or later they will stop dividing and die. Even if Flamel had tried his hand at alchemy (which is not impossible), it is unlikely that he progressed very far in this field or made significant contributions to it. He also claimed that the Livre des figures hiroglyphiques ( Exposition of the Hieroglyphical Figures ), attributed to Flamel, and published in 1612, was in fact written by its publisher, Pierre Arnauld de la Chevalerie under the pseudonym Eiranaeus Orandus, and that de la Chevalerie was responsible for starting the Flamel legend. Why are they so special? Relationship information Community content is available under. Top image: Representation of Nicolas Flamel. There has been some controversy over the use of cells produced in this manner (Credit: Claudio Divizia /EyeEm/Getty Images). He then decided to take a journey to Spain, where many Jewish exiles lived at the time, to see if he could find more answers there. Maison de Nicolas Flamel: the oldest house of Paris . Human cell lines contain human DNA and WI-38 will share 50% of its DNA with the foetus mother. It is the oldest stone house in the city. The Alchemyst, The Magician, The Sorceress, The Necromancer, The Warlock, and The Enchantress, This page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at 19:48. Flamel supposedly spent 21 years trying to decipher it all. Needless to say, as time went by, the legends surrounding Nicolas Flamel grew and were embellished by his supporters, and some of these will be mentioned later on. On top of that, no known alchemical treatise dating to the late 16 th century cites Flamel as a medieval source. [5], Nicolas was implied to have been in personal combat, but had become inactive in this field by the 1720s. King Charles VI of France even ordered an investigation into Flamel out of suspicion, but there was nothing found that could account for this wealth and no sign of any shady dealings. The transmutation Flamel achieved was not only with metals, it was said, but within his own mind and heart.

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