How the Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 Crash Drove a Rugby Team to 'Because it means,' [Nicolich] said, 'that we're going to get out of here on our own.' Two of the rugby player on board, Gustavo Zerbino and Roberto Canessa, were medical students in Uruguay. While some reports state the pilot incorrectly estimated his position using dead reckoning, the pilot was relying on radio navigation. The remaining survivors of an Uruguayan rugby team were rescued when their plane crashed into the Andes after months of waiting. "[16][17], With Perez dead, cousins Eduardo and Fito Strauch and Daniel Fernndez assumed leadership. Eventually spotted by a peasant farmer in the Chilean foothills they reached help and returned via helicopter to rescue the rest of those waiting to die in the mountains. As he began to descend, the aircraft struck a mountain, shearing off both wings and the tail section. La sociedad de la nieve, 2nd ed. A valley at the base of the mountain they stood on wound its way towards the peaks. Twenty-nine guys, we donated our bodies, hand in hand we made a pact. Without His consent, I felt I would be violating the memory of my friends; that I would be stealing their souls. Now let's go die together. [3], Of the 45 people on the aircraft, three passengers and two crew members in the tail section were killed when it broke apart: Lt. Ramn Sal Martnez, Orvido Ramrez (plane steward), Gaston Costemalle, Alejo Houni, and Guido Magri. Transfer Centre LIVE! GARCIA-NAVARRO: Eduardo, the group of survivors quickly formed a community, sharing tasks, rotating sleeping positions so everyone would get a chance at a more comfortable spot in the wrecked plane. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. There were 10 extra seats and the team members invited a few friends and family members to accompany them. We have been through so much. [40] The father of one victim had received word from a survivor that his son wished to be buried at home. I want to live. 'Alive' should be read by sociologists, educators, the Joint Chief of Staff. And important. "The 29 guys that were still alive, abandoned, no food, no rescue, nothing what do you do?" On this flight he was training co-pilot Lagurara, who was at the controls. However, given the circumstances, including that the bodies were in Argentina, the Chilean rescuers left the bodies at the site until authorities could make the necessary decisions. Twenty-nine people initially survived that crash, and their story of struggle in the mountains became the subject of books and movies, most famously "Alive." In 1972, Canessa was a 19-year-old medical student accompanying his rugby team on a trip from Uruguay to attend a match in nearby Chile. Today, we're here to win a game," crash survivor Pedro Algorta, 61, said as he prepared to walk on to the playing field surrounded by the cordillera the jagged mountains that trapped the group.
Andes plane crash survivor who had to eat his comrades. He used a stick from his pack to carve steps in the wall. After 10 days of trekking, they spotted Sergio Catalan, a livestock herder in the foothills of the Chilean Andes. Plane crash victim recounts the desperation that led him to eat friends for survival . They removed the seat covers, which were partially made of wool, to use against the cold. The climb was very slow; the survivors at the fuselage watched them climb for three days. Alive tells the story of an Uruguayan rugby team (who were alumni of Stella Maris College), and their friends and family who were involved in the airplane crash of Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571. Jorge Zerbino, nephew of one of the survivors, is in the Uruguay squad. England take on Uruguay in their final Rugby World Cup match this evening. The ight carried forty-ve passengers, including f-teen members of the Old Christians Rugby team. Members of the "Old Christians" rugby team stand near the fuselage of their Uruguayan Air Force F-227 plane two months after it crashed while ferrying them to a match in Chile. [2] His body was found by fellow passengers on 14 December. Condemned to die without any hope we transported the rugby feeling to the cold fuselage at 12,000ft.". [English: The world to its Uruguayan brothersClose, oh God, to you], They doused the remains of the fuselage in gasoline and set it alight. Eduardo Strauch survived the 1972 Andes plane crash of the Uruguayan rugby team. Parrado later said, "It was soft and greasy, streaked with blood and bits of wet gristle. The controller in Santiago, unaware the flight was still over the Andes, authorized him to descend to 11,500 feet (3,500m) (FL115). It came to be known as The Miracle in The Andes.
'Alive': Uruguay plane crash survivors savor life 50 years on Witness accounts and evidence at the scene indicated the plane struck the mountain either two or three times. After numerous days spent searching for survivors, the rescue team was forced to end the search. The story was told in 1993 film Alive. Given the cloud cover, the pilots were flying under instrument meteorological conditions at an altitude of 18,000 feet (5,500m) (FL180), and could not visually confirm their location. The snow that had buried the fuselage gradually melted as summer arrived. They had hiked about 38km (24mi) over 10 days. Photograph: Luis Andres Henao/AP. The next day, more survivors ate the meat offered to them, but a few refused or could not keep it down.[2].
Uruguayan Air Force flight 571 | Crash, Rescue, & Facts "The only reason why we're here alive today is because we had the goal of returning home (Our loved ones) gave us life. We worked as a team, a rugby team, there was never a fight. After the initial shock of their plane crashing into the Andes mountains on that fateful Friday the 13th of October 1972, Harley and 31 other survivors found themselves in the pitch dark in minus . I gagged hard when I placed it in my mouth. "With that, our suffering ended," Canessa said. [17][26], They relayed news of the survivors to the Army command in San Fernando, Chile, who contacted the Army in Santiago. The tail was missingcut away from the rest of the fuselage by. GARCIA-NAVARRO: At one point, you hear on the little radio that you have that the search for you all has been called off. In 1972, a charter jet carrying a Uruguayan rugby team across the Andes mountains crashed, eventually killing 29 of the 45 people on board. And there were already signs that the flight wouldn't be easy. "[11], Roberto Canessa later said that he thought the pilot turned north too soon, and began the descent to Santiago while the aircraft was still high in the Andes. In those intervening months 13 more of the 29 who made that pact died on the mountain, five from their injuries and eight more in a catastrophic avalanche that buried the stricken fuselage that had become their refuge. At Canessa's urging, they waited nearly seven days to allow for higher temperatures.
Eduardo Strauch recalls eating friends after plane crash - New York Post "At about this time we were falling in the Andes. Hace 10 das que estamos caminando. En el avin quedan 14 personas heridas. The Old Christians squared off on Saturday in Santiago against the Old Grangonian, the former Chilean rugby team they were supposed to play back in 1972 when their flight went down. The unnamed glacier (later named Glaciar de las Lgrimas or Glacier of Tears) is between Mount Sosneado and 4,280 metres (14,040ft) high Volcn Tinguiririca, straddling the remote mountainous border between Chile and Argentina. 2022-10-13 21:00:26 - Paris/France. And at the beginning, when I realized it was what I was going to do, my mind and my conscience was OK. Nando Parrado recalled hitting a downdraft, causing the plane to drop several hundred feet and out of the clouds. STRAUCH: Yeah. The plane, traveling from Uruguay to Chile, went down over the Andes moun-tains after on October 13, 1972. But they did. It is south of the 4,650 metres (15,260ft) high Mount Seler, the mountain they later climbed and which Nando Parrado named after his father. Or was this the only sane thing to do? Given the pilot's dying statement that they were near Curic, they believed that they were near the western edge of the Andes, and that the closest help lay in that direction. [8] The aircraft was regarded by some pilots as underpowered, and had been nicknamed by them as the "lead-sled".[9][10]. [32][26], When the news broke out that people had survived the crash of Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571, the story of the passengers' survival after 72 days drew international attention. Instead of climbing the ridge to the west which was somewhat lower than the peak, they climbed straight up the steep mountain. All 16 survivors of the 1972 Andes plane crash have reunited for the 50th anniversary, according to a report. After the initial shock of their plane crashing into the Andes mountains on that fateful Friday the 13th of October 1972, Harley and 31 other survivors found themselves in the pitch dark in. One of the men across the river saw Parrado and Canessa and shouted back, "Tomorrow!" Parrado gave a similar shoe to his friends at the crash site before he left for the cordillera and guided rescuers back. He scribbled a note, attached it and a pencil to a rock with some string, and threw the message across the river. Sun 14 Oct 2012 09.29 EDT The surviving members of a Uruguayan rugby team have played a match postponed four decades ago when their plane crashed in the Andes, stranding them for 72 days. All rights reserved. Parrado, now in his sixties, was only 21 when his life changed. The story of the 16 survivors of Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571, which was chartered to take an amateur rugby team from Montevideo to Santiago, Chile, in 1972 was immortalized in the best-selling book, Alive: The Story of the Andes Survivors by Piers Paul Read. Colonel Julio Csar Ferradas was an experienced Air Force pilot who had a total of 5,117 flying hours.
The True Story Behind a Rugby Team's Plane Crash In the Andes Updated on 13/10/2022 14:00A day like today, 50 years ago, happened Authorities flew over the crash site several times during the following days, searching for the aircraft, but could not see the white fuselage against the snow.
Stranded: The Andes Plane Crash Survivors - Independent Lens Uruguayan Air Force flight 571 was flying members of a college rugby team and their relatives from Uruguay's capital Montevideo to Santiago, Chile, for a rugby game.
'Alive' plane crash survivors, rescuer reunite - NBC News Parrado was one of 45 rugby players, family, friends and crew making a routine flight across the Andes from Uruguay to Chile. [31], Sergio Cataln, a Chilean arriero (muleteer), read the note and gave them a sign that he understood. They believed that had they known before they left the stricken plane the near impossibility of the journey ahead, they would never have left. On October 13, 1972, Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 went down in the Andes along the Argentine-Chilean border. He had brought the pilot's flight chart and guided the helicopters up the mountain to the location of the remaining survivors. Even just moments after the crash, they had to make difficult decisions.
1972 Uruguayan Plane crash survivor recalls turning into - NEWS The pilot waited and took off at 2:18p.m. on Friday 13 October from Mendoza. Marcelo Perez, captain of the rugby team, assumed leadership.[15][17]. They were initially so revolted by the experience that they could eat only skin, muscle and fat. They were abandoned, and in their minds condemned to die. : the story of the Andes survivors, Miracle in the Andes: 72 Days on the Mountain and My Long Trek Home, International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam, I Am Alive: Surviving the Andes Plane Crash, Robindronath Ekhane Kawkhono Khete Aashenni, 1947 BSAA Avro Lancastrian Star Dust accident, Emergency position-indicating radiobeacon station, "A 40 aos del Milagro de los Andes (Accidente del FAU-571)", "The gravel road to Planchn Pass in the Andes", "When dead reckoning became deadly: remembering the Andes air disaster | Flight Safety Australia", "One Airline Career: I'm Alive: by AMS Pictures", "40 aos de la tragedia de los andes Militares en Taringa +11.200 Taringa", "Nando Parrado on his survival of the 1972 Andes air crash", "After the Plane Crash and the Cannibalism a Life of Hope", "ASN Aircraft accident Fairchild FH-227D T-571 El Tiburcio", "Uruguayan Air Force flight 571 | Crash, Rescue, & Facts", "True Survival Stories: Miracle In The Andes Survival Life", "Plane crash survivor describes the moment he resorted to cannibalism", "An iron cross in the mountains: The lonely site of the 1972 Andes flight disaster", "I Am Alive: The Crash of Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571", "Survivor of 1972 Andes plane crash trusts Dallas firm to tell his tale in film | Cheryl Hall Columns Business News for Dallas, Texas The Dallas Morning News", "Survivor of 1972 Andes plane crash who resorted to cannibalism reveals struggle in new book, 'I Had to Survive' NY Daily News", "Alive: Rugby Team's Fabled Survival In Andes", "Sitio Oficial del accidente de los Andes Historia", "A Plane Carrying 45 People Crashed In The Andes 16 Of Them Survived By Eating The Others", "Alive: The Andes Accident 1972 | Official Site |", "Javier Methol: Businessman who survived for 72 days in the Andes after his plane crashed in 1972", "The Ghost of Uruguayan Air Force 571 Airpressman", "Fundadoras de la Biblioteca Nuestros hijos", "Tragedia de los Andes: sus protagonistas celebran la vida 40 aos despus", "Page in homage to victims by the survivors of the Andes", "*** Bruni Aventura *** San Rafael Mendoza Argentina", "December 23: On This Day in World History briefly", "Sergio Cataln who helped save Uruguayans in Andes in 1972 Passes Away", "Survivor of 1972 Andes Plane Crash Recalls How Victims Were Forced to Eat Friends' Bodies in New Book I Had to Survive", "Story Of The 1972 Andes Plane Crash In 'Out Of The Silence', "The director of 'Stranded' has lived with this story", "Stranded: The Andes Plane Crash Survivors", "2016 What Next Festival of Music brings opera back to Hamilton Hamilton Philharmonic Orchestra", "The stories behind Ice Nine Kills' Every Trick In The Book album", Alive: Sixteen Men, Seventy-two Days, and Insurmountable Odds The Classic Adventure of Survival in the Andes, "Back to the Andes Expedition 2006 with one of the survivors", Expedition with live streaming of biometrics and geo-location, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uruguayan_Air_Force_Flight_571&oldid=1142432525, Parrado, Canessa and Vizintin set off to find help, Parrado and Canessa encounter Sergio Cataln, Esther Horta Prez de Nicola (wife of team physician), Eugenia Dolgay Diedug de Parrado (Fernando Parrado's mother), Lt. Col. Dante Hctor Lagurara (co-pilot), Graziela Augusto Gumila de Mariani (wedding guest), Susana Parrado (Fernando Parrado's sister), Liliana Navarro Petraglia de Methol (wife of Javier Methol), Gustavo "Coco" Nicolich* (veterinary student), Rafael Echavarren (dairy farming student), The incident is mentioned in the 1978 survival film, The incident is mentioned in a 2011 horror film, "The Plot Sickens", by the American metalcore band, The song "Snowcapped Andes Crash" appears on, This page was last edited on 2 March 2023, at 10:00. It was later made into a Hollywood movie in 1993. [17] Based on the aircraft's altimeter, they thought they were at 7,000 feet (2,100m), when they were actually at about 11,800 feet (3,597m). Nando Parrado woke from his coma after three days to learn that his mother had died and that his 19-year-old sister Susana Parrado was severely injured. This has to go down as one of the greatest tragedies in aviation history, not for the scale of death, but for the hardships some of the survivors came to endure. [17], The Chilean Air Search and Rescue Service (SARS) was notified within the hour that the flight was missing. The plane slammed into a mountainside in rough weather when the pilot veered off-course.
As they flew through the Andes, clouds obscured the mountains. In a sense, our friends were some of the first organ donors in the world they helped to nourish us and kept us alive., The group made their decision after consuming the food they had on the plane, which included eight chocolate bars, a tin of mussels, three small jars of jam, some almonds and dates and several bottles of wine. Parrado was one of 45 rugby players, family, friends and crew making a routine flight across the Andes from Uruguay to Chile. "[29] They followed the ridge towards the valley and descended a considerable distance. After more than two unthinkably. We ripped open seat cushions hoping to find straw, but found only inedible upholstery foam Again and again, I came to the same conclusion: unless we wanted to eat the clothes we were wearing, there was nothing here but aluminum, plastic, ice, and rock. Several survivors were determined to join the expedition team, including Roberto Canessa, one of the two medical students, but others were less willing or unsure of their ability to withstand such a physically exhausting ordeal. In 1972, a charter jet carrying a Uruguayan rugby team across the Andes mountains crashed, eventually killing 29 of the 45 people on board. Seventeen. Three crew members and nine passengers died immediately; several more died soon afterward due to the frigid temperatures and the severity of their injuries. At sunset, while sipping cognac that they had found in the tail section, Parrado said, "Roberto, can you imagine how beautiful this would be if we were not dead men? The next collision severed the right wing. He believes that rugby saved their lives. The Fairchild turboprop was grounded in the middle of the Cordillera Occidental, a poorly mapped range almost 100 miles wide and home to Aconcagua, at 22,834 feet the . Rescue they felt would come. But Nando Parrado's story is so extraordinary, so unlikely, that 43 years later it still feels like a miraculous coming together of numerous miracles all at once. Another survivor Daniel Fernandez, 66, held the trophy that would have been the reward for the game to be played the day of the crash. [24][25] With considerable difficulty, on the morning of 31 October, they dug a tunnel from the cockpit to the surface, only to encounter a furious blizzard that left them no choice but to stay inside the fuselage. [22][23], Seventeen days after the crash, near midnight on 29 October, an avalanche struck the aircraft containing the survivors as they slept. "[12] The aircraft ground collision alarm sounded, alarming all of the passengers.
Returning to the scene of the crash: A survivor of the Uruguayan rugby [49] Sergio Cataln died on 11 February 2020[50] at the age of 91.
Andes plane crash survivors recount resorting to cannibalism 50 years They were treated for a variety of conditions, including altitude sickness, dehydration, frostbite, broken bones, scurvy, and malnutrition. As a result, they brought only a three-day supply of meat. pp. He was accompanied by co-pilot Lieutenant-Colonel Dante Hctor Lagurara. [4] He heard the news that the search was cancelled on their 11th day on the mountain. How so? The last eight survivors of the Uruguayan Air Force plane crash in the Andes in South America, huddle together in the craft's fuselage on their final night before rescue on Dec. 22, 1972.. "[17] Parrado saw two smaller peaks on the western horizon that were not covered in snow. Numa Turcatti and Antonio Vizintin were chosen to accompany Canessa and Parrado; however, Turcatti's leg was stepped on and the bruise had become septic, so he was unable to join the expedition. But very fast, very quick, we realized that the only way to get out would be by doing it by ourselves. ', In the end, all of those who had survived as of the decision to eat the bodies did so, though not all without reservations. Paez shouted angrily at Nicolich. A storm blew fiercely, and they finally found a spot on a ledge of rock on the edge of an abyss. In 1972, a plane carrying young men from a Uruguayan rugby team, crashed high in the Andes. He attempted to keep her alive without success, as during the eighth day she succumbed to her injuries. Crashed at 3:34p.m. We had long since run out of the meagre pickings we'd found on the plane, and there was no vegetation or animal life to be found. The plane, a twin-engine turboprop, was only four years old. Nando Parrado found a metal pole from the luggage racks and they were able to get one of the windows from the pilot's cabin open enough to poke a hole through the snow, providing ventilation. On October 13, 1972, Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 left the city of Mendoza, Argentina carrying the Old Christians Rugby Club of Montevideo, Uruguay to a scheduled game in Santiago, Chile. "You and I are friends, Nando. [4], On the afternoon of 22 December 1972, the two helicopters carrying search and rescue personnel reached the survivors. They felt that the faith and friendship which inspired them in the cordillera do not emerge from these pages. Of the 45 passengers aboard, 16 survived by feeding on dead family members and friends preserved in the snow. harrowing tale of survivors of an airplane crash.
How the Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 Crash Drove a Rugby Team to On the second day, 11 aircraft from Argentina, Chile and Uruguay searched for the downed flight. The group survived for two and a half months in the Andes In bad. Although there is a direct route from Mendoza to Santiago 200 kilometres (120mi) to the west, the high mountains require an altitude of 25,000 to 26,000 feet (7,600 to 7,900m), very close to the FH-227D's maximum operational ceiling of 28,000 feet (8,500m). We just heard on the radio. They stop overnight on the mountain at El Barroso camp. But at the same time, he found that he had grown spiritually during his ordeal in the mountains. The Uruguayan air force plane that carried the team crashed in a mountain pass in October 1972 en route from Montevideo to Santiago. The white plane was invisible in the snowy blanket of the mountain. [2] Twelve men and a Chilean priest were transported to the crash site on 18 January 1973. [33] A flood of international reporters began walking several kilometers along the route from Puente Negro to Termas del Flaco.
A Plane Carrying 45 People Crashed In The Andes - All That's Interesting Download Free Alive The Story Of Andes Survivors Piers Paul Read As Parrado showed us at his London presentation, a team of leading US mountaineers recreated the pair's climb out of the mountains, fully kitted out and fed, in 2006. Canessa, Parrado, and Vizintn were among the strongest boys and were allocated larger rations of food and the warmest clothes. We wondered whether we were going mad even to contemplate such a thing. [15] They were also spared the daily manual labor around the crash site that was essential for the group's survival, so they could build their strength. Onboard was an Uruguayan rugby team, along with friends and relatives. According to Read, some rationalized the act of cannibalism as equivalent to the Eucharist, the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ under the appearances of bread and wine. We were 29 people at the first. STRAUCH: My body and my mind start expanding in the universe. He compared their actions to that of Jesus Christ at the Last Supper, during which he gave his disciples the Eucharist. Rumors circulated in Montevideo immediately after the rescue that the survivors had killed some of the others for food. [36], The survivors held a press conference on 28 December at Stella Maris College in Montevideo, where they recounted the events of the past 72 days. And the snow was all over the kerosene of the engines of the plane. The survivors who had found the rear of the fuselage came up with an idea to use insulation from the rear of the fuselage, copper wire, and waterproof fabric that covered the air conditioning of the plane to fashion a sleeping bag.[18][17]. The accident and subsequent survival became known as the Andes flight disaster (Tragedia de los Andes) and the Miracle of the Andes (Milagro de los Andes). [3][2], The aircraft continued forward and upward another 200 meters (660ft) for a few more seconds when the left wing struck an outcropping at 4,400 meters (14,400ft), tearing off the wing. We have to get out from here quickly and we don't know how. He gained the summit of the 4,650 metres (15,260ft) high peak before Vizintn. For three days, the remaining survivors were trapped in the extremely cramped space within the buried fuselage with about 1 metre (3ft 3in) headroom, together with the corpses of those who had died in the avalanche. [13], The official investigation concluded that the crash was caused by controlled flight into terrain due to pilot error. The conditions were such that the pair could not reach him, but from afar they heard him say one word: "Tomorrow". Harley lay down to die, but Parrado would not let him stop and took him back to the fuselage.
Nando Parrado - Leader of the miracle in Los Andes And you didn't flinch from describing this in the book. Vizintn and Parrado rejoined Canessa where they had slept the night before. Three passengers, the navigator, and the steward were lost with the tail section. You probably know the story of the group of Uruguayan rugby players, family members, and fans whose chartered plane crashed into an unnamed 15,000-foot peak on October 13, 1972. We have just some chocolates and biscuits for 29 people, so we start getting very weak immediately. Had we turned into brute savages? The rugby players joked about the turbulence at first, until some passengers saw that the aircraft was very close to the mountain. The bodies of our friends and team-mates, preserved outside in the snow and ice, contained vital, life-giving protein that could help us survive. Can you talk a little bit about that? In his memoir, Miracle in the Andes: 72 Days on the Mountain and My Long Trek Home (2006), Nando Parrado wrote about this decision: At high altitude, the body's caloric needs are astronomical we were starving in earnest, with no hope of finding food, but our hunger soon grew so voracious that we searched anyway again and again, we scoured the fuselage in search of crumbs and morsels. And it was because it was in order to live and preserve life, which is exactly what I would have liked for myself if it had been my body that lay on the floor," he said. By the time he was rescued, there were a mere 37 kilograms on his 5.9-foot frame. [26], Parrado wore three pairs of jeans and three sweaters over a polo shirt. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. "The conditions were more horrifying than you can ever imagine. He says reintegrating himself back into society was hard. We've received your submission. 13 bodies were untouched, while another 15 were mostly skeletal. Father of 4 killed, 12 injured as car crashes into Califor Canadian teacher with size-Z prosthetic breasts placed on paid leave, Buster Murdaugh got 'very drunk' with dad 2 months after mom, brother murdered: source, I'm a professional cleaner ditch these 4 household products immediately, Shoeless Ariana Madix awkwardly tries to avoid cheating Tom Sandoval, Prince Harry was scared to lose Meghan Markle after fight that led to therapy, Prince Harry says psychedelics are fundamental part of his life, Memphis Grizzlies star Ja Morant allegedly flashes gun at a strip club, Tom Sizemore And The Dangerous Burden of Desperation, Tom Sandoval, Raquel Leviss planned to tell Ariana Madix about affair. With no other choice, on the third day they began to eat the raw flesh of their newly dead friends. On 23 December 1972, two months after the crash, the last of the 16 survivors were rescued. All hope seemed lost when they located the broken off tail of the plane, found batteries to get the radio to work, only to hear via a crackly message over the airwaves on their 10th day on the mountain that the search had been called off. They called on the Andes Rescue Group of Chile (CSA). [3] Two more passengers fell out of the open rear of the fuselage. Carlitos [Pez] took on the challenge. It was Friday the 13th of October in 1972 when an Uruguayan aircraft carrying the Old Christians rugby team and their friends and family went down in the mountains in Argentina, near the border . Upon returning to the tail, the trio found that the 24-kilogram (53lb) batteries were too heavy to take back to the fuselage, which lay uphill from the tail section.
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