assumptions of gatekeeping theory

Am a 1st year student of Journal and mass communication in the University of Buena. This means we must filter these data points so that we are able to access the ones that are either most relevant or occur within our proximity. Gatekeeping theory was first introduced by the social psychologist Kurt Lewin in 1943. Gatekeeping theory tries to understand this process. Lewin, K. (1943). It was this study that led to Lewins development of the concepts of a gate and a gatekeeper (Lewin, 1943). In an age of twenty-four-hour news and instant reporting, do you think politicians jobs are made easier or more difficult? Basic Assumptions of Economics - ThoughtCo 4.1 Principles and Functions of Nonverbal Communication, 5.4 Listenable Messages and Effective Feedback, 6.1 Principles of Interpersonal Communication, 6.2 Conflict and Interpersonal Communication, 6.3 Emotions and Interpersonal Communication, 6.4 Self-Disclosure and Interpersonal Communication, 8.2 Exploring Specific Cultural Identities, 8.4 Intercultural Communication Competence, 9.2 Researching and Supporting Your Speech, 10.2 Delivery Methods and Practice Sessions, 12.1 Speaking in Personal and Civic Contexts, 14.1 Leadership and Small Group Communication, 14.3 Problem Solving and Decision Making in Groups, 15.1 Technological Advances: From the Printing Press to the iPhone, 15.2 Functions and Theories of Mass Communication, 16.3 New Media, the Self, and Relationships. Learn more about our academic and editorial standards. Another key characteristic of mass communication in relation to other forms of communication is its lack of sensory richness. Individuals. Although these messages are diverse and no one person is exposed to all the same messages, the messages are still constructed in some predictable and patterned ways that create a shared social reality. The theory of "gatekeeping." Lewin died of a heart attack on February 11, 1947, before publication of the first work that established a theory of gatekeeping and introduced nomenclature still used by 3 Those Gestalt psychological assumptions, again from Wikipedia: Law of Closure- if something is This theory defines the processes that are used to select the data points we do consume on the individual level. The third-party effect is the phenomenon just described of people thinking they are more immune to media influence than others. For example, a Sports Illustrated cover story that you read at SI.com went through several human gates, including a writer, editor, publisher, photographer, and webmaster, as well as one media gatethe Internet. Other writings include architecture, sociology, urban planning, and economics. As World War I and the Depression came around, many saw the media as a way to unite the country in times of hardship. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 43(1), 179. These theories expand gatekeeping theory by analyzing the role of the gated along with the role of the gatekeepers. (Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 1996), 11. Now its one of the essential and foundational theories in communication studies. In terms of the gatekeeping function of limiting, media outlets decide whether or not to pass something along to the media channel so it can be relayed. Through this process the unwanted, sensible and controversial informations are removed by the gate keeper which helps to control the society or a group and letting them in a right path. These newer theories incorporated more contextual factors into the view of communication, acknowledging that both sender and receiver interpret messages based on their previous experience. Humans are also their own gatekeepers at the point of consumption, creating a secondary filter for information. Precisely, the media sets a stage for the audience to understand an issue by proposing the values and standards, which is Priming. This book is the most ambitious overview of gatekeeping to date. People tend to support one side or the other in any media-related debate. This means gatekeeping falls into a role of surveillance and monitoring data. What are the latest research on gatekeeping theory. Identify key functions of the mass media. Early scholarship on mass media focused on proving these views through observational and anecdotal evidence rather than scientific inquiry. The Gatekeeping Theory: Gate + Keeping = gatekeeping is the control of what information goes in media to reach the public. Recent stories about reporters being asked to clear quotes and even whole stories with officials before they can be used in a story drew sharp criticism from other journalists and the public, and some media outlets put an end to that practice. DeFleur, M. L., & DeFleur, M. H. (2016). For example, we change our clothes and our plans because we watch the forecast on the Weather Channel, look up information about a band and sample their music after we see them perform on a television show, or stop eating melons after we hear about a salmonella outbreak. 196-197): Gatekeeping theory is not without its weaknesses. 5. Thank you for the detailed explanation of gatekeeping. The National Science Foundation (2018) reports that women, minorities, and persons with disabilities are still vastly outnumbered in science and engineering by their White, male counterparts. With traditional media, gatekeeping typically describes a one-way relationship. They are known as the media class and the media vehicle. . Today, gatekeeping theory remains a compelling explanation of an important aspect of mass communication. Gatekeeping is the process through which information is filtered for dissemination, whether for publication, broadcasting, the Internet, or some other mode of communication. ChrisWaldeck The Media Needle CC BY-NC 2.0. The media also engages in investigative reporting, which can uncover dangers or corruption that the media can then expose so that the public can demand change. Barzilai-Nahon, K. (2009). Given that policy language is difficult for many to understand and that legislation contains many details that may not be important to average people, a concise and lay reinterpretation of the content by the gatekeepers (the media outlets) would have helped the public better understand the bill. In a world where fake news often competes with real news, gatekeeping can be programmed to tell the differences between the two types of content so that only the preferred data points are consumed by each individual. In short, the information that reaches the audience is specific, selective and has passed a lots of editing gates before being published. Norway is lauded as one of the most gender . Theories of mass communication have changed dramatically since the early 1900s, largely as a result of quickly changing technology and more sophisticated academic theories and research methods. He focused more on personal perception and how a person worked to understand their own world (physical, mental and social) through frequent conversation and acknowledgement of memories, desire, and goals. We also require more than sensory ability to receive mass media messages. In order to account for perspective and experience, mass media researchers connected to recently developed theories in perception that emerged from psychology. In the lead-up to the Supreme Courts June 2012 ruling on President Obamas health-care-overhaul bill, the media came under scrutiny for not doing a better job of informing the public about the core content and implications of the legislation that had been passed. In communication theory, gatekeeping is the process through which information is filtered before it is disseminated. Limiting based on bias or self-interest isnt necessarily bad as long as those who relay the message dont claim to be objective. Individual editors alter the news in some way. Gatekeeping is one of the media's central roles in public life: people rely on mediators to transform information about billions of events into a manageable number of media messages. There are certain media effects that are fairly obvious and most of us would agree are common (even for ourselves). The information function of the news has been criticized and called infotainment, and rather than bringing people together, the media has been cited as causing polarization and a decline in civility (Self, Gaylord, & Gaylord, 2009). For example, a technology geek and a person living off the grid have very different lives and very different views of technology, but because of their exposure to various forms of media that have similar patterns of messages regarding technology, they still have some shared reality and could talk in similar ways about computers, smartphones, and HD television. Thanks very much this really helped me out. As far as these theories are followed, there are chances for information to be purely original, fake, or even biased at times. Gatekeeping is a broad concept that needs to integrate insights from different fields when it deals with challenging questions. Intellectual Gatekeeping-The Metatheoretical Challenges of In the late 1970s and into the 1980s, a view of media effects as negotiated emerged, which accounts for the sometimes strong and sometimes weak influences of the media. All of the following are assumptions of Agenda Setting Theory EXCEPT: A) The media's concentration on the issues that comprise their agenda influence the public's agenda, and these together influence the policymakers' agenda. The hypodermic needle theory of mass communication suggests that a sender constructs a message with a particular meaning that is injected into individuals within a mass audience. Copyright 2023 Helpful Professor. It is his job to select from the avalanche of wire copy daily provided by the Associated Press, United Press and International News Service what 30,000 families will read on the front page of their morning newspapers. The gatekeeper decides what information should move past them (through the information gate) to the group or individuals beyond, and what information should not. GateKeeping Theory - Communication Theory Gatekeeper Bias and the Impact on News Content - zvelo For example, niche websites and cable channels allow us to narrow in on already-limited content, so we dont have to sift through everything on our own. Communication Theories in Media- Gatekeeping, Interactionalim There are chances for a very rare set of audience to find out between the truth and a lie. Extending Aristotles antiquated linear model of communication that included a speaker, message, and hearer, these early theories claimed that communication moved, or transmitted, an idea from the mind of the speaker through a message and channel to the mind of the listener. The authors also brought gatekeeping into the age of the Internet, a time when some scholars are suggesting that . Whether or not the media intends to do this or whether or not we acknowledge that how we think about technology or any other social construct is formed through our exposure to these messages is not especially relevant. ERIC - ED608600 - Advancing Equity through Culturally Responsive Do you think the media in the United States acts more as a watchdog, lapdog, or attack dog? Two of my personal favorites that I engage with every week are CNNs show Reliable Sources (http://reliablesources.blogs.cnn.com) and the public radio show On the Media (http://www.onthemedia.org). Pingback: From streets to screens: Is online activism the future of social movements? Older people, children, African Americans, and Latino/as are more likely to be shown as victims of violence than are their young-adult, middle-aged, and/or white counterparts. More recent media effects theories acknowledge that media messages do affect the receivers but that receivers also have some agency to reject or reinterpret the message. But a range of forces including time constraints, advertiser pressure, censorship, or personal bias, among others, can influence editing choices. This has a larger effect on both the audience and the framer. This early approach to studying media effects was called the hypodermic needle approach or bullet theory and suggested that a sender constructed a message with a particular meaning that was injected or shot into individuals within the mass audience. Clear. Reliable Sources even has an implicit reference to reciprocal effects in its show description, stating, The press is a part of every story it covers.[1] On the Media ran a story that implicitly connects to cultivation theory, as it critiques some of the medias coverage of violence and audiences seeming desensitization to it (Bernstein 2012). The gatekeeper is having its own influence like social, cultural, ethical and political. Explanations satisfactory. Apply some aspect of media effects from the chapter to the story. Those who use these criteria become the gatekeepers who let some stories pass through the gates and keep other stories out. They can be summed up as (1) exclusion as punishment, (2) representation and positionality, (3) standardization, (4) coloniality, and (5) silencing.While the first three refer to general issues of theory-building, the latter two relate to an historical legacy and its impact on systems of knowledge production. Cultivation theory is a media effects theory created by George Gerbner that states that media exposure, specifically to television, shapes our social reality by giving us a distorted view on the amount of violence and risk in the world. The media has reached a point where they can survive only if there is strong support on the economic side. Media outlets and the people who send messages through media outlets (i.e., politicians, spokespeople, and advertisers) are concerned about the effects and effectiveness of their messaging. Although most do not get mass public attention, there are many media criticism and analysis organizations that devote much time and resources to observing, studying, and/or commenting on how the media acts in practice, which often involves an implicit evaluation of media theories we have discussed so far, in particular media effects theories. Agenda setting theory is used in a political ad, campaigns, business news, PR (public relation) etc. Its very understandable. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. Getting integrated: Discuss media messages that have influenced or would influence you in a professional, academic, personal, and civic context. Summary. While hearing and/or sight are typically all thats needed to understand what someone standing in front of you is saying, youll need a computer, smartphone, or tablet to pick up that SI.com cover story. As a gatekeeper, the media functions to relay, limit, expand, and reinterpret information. This kind of limiting also allows us to have more control over the media messages we receive. When a person or event gets media attention, it influences the way the person acts or the way the event functions. What strategies or suggestions do you have for bypassing this function of the media to ensure that you get access to the information you want/need? The agenda-setting theory rests on two basic assumptions. Seekprofessional input on your specific circumstances. Theories of media effects explore the intended or unintended effects of what the media does. Individual journalists create the news. The Gatekeeper decides what information should move to group or individual and what information should not. 2. Want to dive deeper? endobj The board was not happy with the presidents approach to dealing with the changing financial and technological pressures facing the school and thought ousting her may make room for a president who was more supportive of a corporate model of university governance (Prez-Pea, 2012).

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