. IV: (Dose expressed in mg of calcium gluconate): Sodium bicarbonate is contraindicated in animals with metabolic alkalosis and potentially is risky in overhydrated animals.
Vetcalculators - MSD Veterinary Manual IV: Give 0.45 mEq elemental calcium for each 100 mL citrated blood infused Severe tremors, tetany, generalized seizure activity, and finally coma and death may occur. Dosing seems totally crazy when you first start: The effects of bicarbonate and glucose/insulin are more sustained then calcium gluconate but must be repeated as clinical circumstances dictate until the potassium load is alleviated. Medium dogs that weigh between 20 to 45 pounds should get 500 mg a day. Be certain to complete the prescription unless specifically directed by your veterinarian. Tetany occurs as a result of spontaneous repetitive firing of motor nerve fibers. Longterm maintenance treatment with oral vitamin D and oral calcium supplementation usually requires a minimum of 2496 hours before an effect is achieved. 50-125 mL. Calcium Gluconate Injection 10ml is a super-saturated solution containing calcium gluconate 95.3 mg/mL in water for injections. The bottom line, however, is that hypercalcemia of Addison's disease is usually mild, and the ionized calcium concentration is usually normal. As discussed above, hypocalcemia is common following surgical therapy for parathyroid gland adenoma or carcinoma. Calcium supplements can lead to toxicity if too much of the chews are eaten. Thus, for 10% calcium gluconate the dosage is 0.51.5 mL/kg per hour, IV; and for 27% calcium chloride the dosage is 0.220.66 mL/kg per hour, IV. o [ canine influenza] Proper dosage of calcium for dogs is important because excess calcium can cause deficiencies and disorders.
PDF U.S. Food and Drug Administration Non-Monograph Conditions NM900: Drug Dosage and Administration Dosing: Adult. The small osteoclast pool results from feeding a high concentration of dietary calcium during the nonlactating period, which suppresses secretion of PTH by the parathyroid gland and stimulates secretion of calcitonin by parafollicular C cells. 6 Treatment should be slowed or stopped if further bradycardia or other arrhythmias develop. Discard unused portion. A commercially available human intact-PTH assay has been validated in both cats and dogs; PTH-calcium curves are also similar in cats and dogs. Hypoglycemia can occur concurrently. Plus puppies and young dogs need larger amounts for growth. Ionized calcium is the physiologically available fraction of calcium; it is affected by protein concentration, acid-base status (alkalosis favors protein binding of serum calcium and will decrease blood concentrations of the biologically important ionized calcium, thus exacerbating hypocalcemia), and other electrolyte imbalances. Ohio Veterinarian of the Year awarded, and new president named, News wrap-up: This weeks headlines, plus Virox and NAVTA announce infection prevention program, Hypoadrenocorticism in the emergency setting, Point-of-care thyroid diagnostic device is shaking up the endocrinology world. Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, new drug approvals, alerts and updates. In an acute hypocalcemic crisis following treatment of hyperparathyroidism, IV calcium gluconate is given at a dose of 1 ml/kg of 10% solution slowly IV. Once the cardiotoxicity has been controlled, transient lowering of serum potassium can be achieved by promoting its translocation from the extracellular to the intracellular fluid compartment with sodium bicarbonate or insulin and glucose administration. Calcium gluconate may be only part of a complete program of treatment that also includes dietary changes. o [pig guinea] Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use calcium gluconate only for the indication prescribed.
Acvim 2008 - Vin While this disorder is uncommon, some breeds are predisposed. puerperal tetany).
The Calcium Connection - Whelping tip - Working Aussie Source Do call your vet if you have any concerns. 2023 Wag Labs, Inc. All rights reserved. It is a rare disorder but is seen sporadically in calves; the cause is unknown. Most breeders do fine with Tums. Calcium supplements are various forms of calcium used to treat or prevent low calcium blood levels ( hypocalcemia) in many species. Options for the acute management of hyperkalemia are to antagonize the increased resting membrane potential in cardiac myocytes, redistribute potassium from the extracellular to the intracellular fluid compartments, and to eliminate the potassium load from the body. Here are some final tips for choosing and taking calcium supplements as found in the Harvard Special Health Report Osteoporosis: A guide to prevention and treatment: Avoid products made from unrefined oyster shell, bone meal, dolomite, or coral, as they may contain lead or other toxic metals. Common calcium gluconate side effects may include: warmth, tingling, or a heavy feeling; a chalky taste in your mouth; upset stomach, gas; or. 250-500 mL. Calcium Gluconate 23% Injection for Animal Use (Canada). The incidence is higher in small breeds of dogs, although eclampsia can occur in any breed, with any size of litter, and at any time during lactation. Because the pituitary gland may also be absent, prolonged read more or meningoencephalitis Meningitis, Encephalitis, and Encephalomyelitis in Animals Meningitis, encephalitis, and encephalomyelitis are terms used to describe inflammatory conditions of the meninges, brain, or brain and spinal cord, respectively. However, this recommendation is supported by a low level of evidence and is anecdotal. Serum calcium concentrations of <8 mg/dL indicate the need to increase the dosage of parenteral calcium, whereas concentrations of>9 mg/dL suggest that it be decreased. Dog is 21 lbs. In primary hypoparathyroidism, the parathyroid glands are destroyed by immune-mediated mechanisms, rendering the response to hypocalcemia impossible. No specific research to support recommendations for use of this drug is available for dogs and cats, although our success with calcium carbonate has been excellent. Calcium borogluconate is preferred to calcium gluconate because it is more soluble (Budavari, 1996). Clinical signs of hypercalcemia can be difficult to detect. This is administered at the vets only.
Calcium Gluconate: Dosage, Mechanism/Onset of Action, Half-Life Consult your veterinarian for re-evaluation of diagnosis and therapeutic plan if there is no improvement in 24 hours. Contributing factors including the use of potassium containing enteral or parenteral solutions, ACEi, and potassium containing medications should be modified. Granular dosage forms containing . Calcium Gluconate in Sodium Chloride Injection is contraindicated in: alHyperc cemia This dose may be repeated as necessary in severe cases of hypermagnesemia (where discontinuation of exogenous magnesium is inadequate) to temporarily reverse many of the toxic effects of magnesium in the central nervous system. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of IV Calcium (Ca) gluconate in the treatment of hyperkalemia. Hemodialysis eliminates potassium from both extracellular and intracellular pools and provides the most effective way to alleviate excessive potassium loads. PetPlace may be compensated when you click on or make a purchase using the links in this article. Some pet owners can over-supplement their pets with vitamin D preparations intended as dietary supplements, and there are plants, notably the day blooming Jessamine (Cestrum diurnum) that contain vitamin D and can be associated with toxicity when ingested. IV: (Dose expressed in mg of calcium gluconate): Hypocalcemia at parturition interferes with the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, which is normally mediated by extracellular calcium entering presynaptic nerve terminals through voltage-gated calcium channels and triggering the fusion of acetylcholine-filled synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic nerve terminus. Calcium gluconate may be used as follows: Calcium gluconate may interact with other medications. Congenital and Inherited Cerebral Disorders in Animals, Meningitis, Encephalitis, and Encephalomyelitis in Animals, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2018.02.010. Calcium gluconate 10% is used as a calcium source for animals with symptomatic hypocalcemia, such as that associated with eclampsia, hypoparathyroidism, acute pancreatitis, and renal failure. Treatment and prevention of hyperkalemia in adults. Note: One gram of calcium gluconate salt is equal to 93 mg of elemental calcium. Calcium D-gluconate Calcium hexagluconate Calglucol Calglucon D-Gluconic acid, calcium salt (2:1) (9CI) Dragocal Ebucin . Several calcium salts are available for oral administration, but the one with the most elemental calcium, and the one that is least expensive and most readily available is calcium carbonate (Tums antacid). All rights reserved. Mild tremors, twitching, muscle spasms, and gait changes (stiffness and ataxia) result from increased neuromuscular excitability. About Us. 100 mg/minute in pediatric patients. It is a positive inotrope and has variable effect on systemic vascular resistance.
These include Toy Poodle, German Shepherd, Miniature Schnauzer, Labrador Retriever, and Scottish Terrier. The trusted provider of veterinary information since 1955, Last review/revision Jul 2022 | Modified Oct 2022. 6 to 12 months: 600 mg/day Calcium: 50-150 mg/kg calcium (boro)gluconate = 0.5-1.5 ml/kg of a 10% solution i.v. Each mL of Calcium Gluconate in Sodium Chloride Injection contains 20 mg of calcium gluconate which contains 1.86 mg (0.093 mEq) of elemental calcium. About; Human Health; . is 13% calcium, and 1 g yields 6.5 mEq. Dose expressed in mg of calcium gluconate: Elecampane . The intravenous calcium should be administered slowly, carefully and in the right amount (usually dogs need 1 milliliter of 10% calcium gluconate per kilo). Calcium supplement poisoning in dogs can occur when a canine ingests a large amount of this product; for example, in the form of non-prescription calcium chews taken by people as an aid to boost their calcium. Vitamin D3 is usually included in supplements because it aids in the absorption of the calcium, allowing for the body to increase stores. Glucose stimulates insulin release and promotes the transcellular uptake of potassium. The first elelctrolyte abnormality in renal failure is usually hyperphosphatemia due to decreased renal blood flow, and calcium concentrations can drop by mass action. Similar syndromes occur in people, and advances in molecular medicine have removed the "idiopathic" label in many cases. Calcium gluconate is approved for use in humans and cattle, horses, swine, sheep, cats, and dogs (depending on the product). After the acute crisis, elemental calcium at 2550 mg/kg per day orally in three or four divided doses is given for the remainder of lactation.
Canine Hypocalcemia (Eclampsia) - Dog Discoveries For this reason, calcium must be monitored frequently, and owners should be made aware of the clinical signs of hypocalcemia. Calcium-containing crystals, isosthenuria, hematuria, and/or pyuria can be present. Calcium gluconate is a prescription drug and can only be obtained from a veterinarian or by prescription from a veterinarian. Even if your pet feels better, the entire treatment plan should be completed to prevent relapse. For basic homemade diets, it's usually sufficient to add a couple teaspoons of egg or bone powder to a meat-heavy meal. Moderate hyperkalemia (6.0-8.0 mmol/L) may resolve spontaneously with the onset or induction of a diuresis. The effects of calcium infusion on the myocardium are rapid in onset but short in duration (approximately 30 to 60 minutes), and calcium administration has no direct effect to lower the serum potassium concentration. A presumptive diagnosis is based on signalment and clinical signs; confirmation requires measurement of serum calcium concentration. animals are especially susceptible to blood calcium ideal diet for a dog should have calcium: phosphorus depletion because of milk production. In dairy cows with a similar condition, parturient paresis Parturient Paresis in Cows Parturient paresis (milk fever, hypocalcemia, paresis puerperalis, parturient apoplexy) is a disease of adult dairy cows in which acute hypocalcemia causes acute to peracute, afebrile, flaccid read more , production of PTH is adequate; however, the pool of osteoclasts for PTH to stimulate is not. In cats with hypocalcemia, 46 to 70 mg per pound (94 to 140 mg/kg) of a 10% solution may be given slowly by intravenous infection with careful monitoring of the heart rate.
Calcium Gluconate (Calcium Gluconate): Uses, Dosage, Side - RxList Calcium gluconate. This product contains no preservative. Calcium gluconate is preferred to calcium chloride because . Guided by the severity of neurologic signs, Administration of IV calcium gluconate with appropriate monitoring. ii) Dextrose-insulin infusion
Eclampsia in Small Animals - MSD Veterinary Manual There are also several different delivery methods available for glucosamine. Adverse effects resulting from too rapid administration of calcium include bradycardia, shortening of the QT interval, and premature ventricular complexes. Some pet owners also choose to supplement their pets diet with calcium; this is generally not necessary if proper food is the mainstay of the diet. Duodenal substance . My preference is to use calcitriol (trade name is Rocaltrol), which is active vitamin D3. Ate most of a calcium (650 mg) + vit D (12.5 mcg) chew. Generally, 5-10 ml of 10% calcium gluconate will provide sufficient calcium for a bitch weighing between five and ten Kg.
Treatment of hypocalcemia - UpToDate Heavy panting may produce a respiratory alkalosis. Efforts are ongoing to define the molecular biology of idiopathic hypercalcemia in cats. Usually, hypercalcemic animals have no clinical signs other than those referable to the underlying disease causing the calcium derangement. Still, hypervitaminosis D is a rare cause of hypercalcemia. No changes were observed in general appearance or in the urine of either . Fluid therapy via intravenous could be needed; this may also include medications to promote a bowel movement, increase urine production, ease nausea, and stabilize blood calcium levels. They will be able to tell you if you need to worry or what actions may need to be taken. 2010) Rabbits: 1mg/kg PO SID (di Somma et al. 1 to 6 months: 210 mg/day . Sodium bicarbonate administration may lower serum calcium concentration and induce a hypocalcemic crisis in animals with preexisting hypocalcemia. The problem with cervical palpation in cats is the difficulty in distinguishing a parathyroid adenoma from a thyroid nodule. Can be used by both dogs and cats. 3. Large-sized dogs will require 1000 to 2000 mg. Oral calcium supplementation is easier. In this setting, hyperkalemia often is difficult to manage and can represent a persistent life-threatening risk.
Calcium chloride versus calcium gluconate: comparison of - PubMed Simultaneous treatment with calcium gluconate and cardiac glycosides is not recommended as toxic effects of the glycoside and potential for cardiac arrhythmias are markedly increased when these two drugs are co-administered. The dosage of elemental calcium for hypocalcemia is 515 mg/kg per hour. Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, new drug approvals, alerts and updates. The dose is 0.02 to 0.03 mg/kg/day divided BID, and it can take a week to become effective. Calcium lactate, along with other kinds of calcium supplements, may help support heart and bone health. Ten children scheduled for burn Calcium gluconate oral is taken by mouth. Dexamethasone (Azium). Subcutaneous masses, erythema, bullae, granulomata, and skin sloughing may develop at sites of subcutaneous injection. . Doses of calcium gluconate vary widely depending on the reason for prescribing and response top initial doses.
Dystocia in Small Animals - Merck Veterinary Manual Dose is 0.5-1.25 mg/kg IM as needed. The aim of longterm treatment is to maintain the serum calcium concentration at mildly low to low-normal concentrations (89.5 mg/dL). The bitch may remain nonresponsive after correction of hypocalcemia if cerebral edema has developed. The ALI dose calcium gluconate group (LPS CG(M)) was induced ALI by severity scored for each lung tissue by a board-certied pathologist LPS and injected with 25 mg/kg calcium gluconate; and the LPS- using previously published criteria [11]. Neocalglucon, an oral calcium supplement (10% solution) can be given at a rate of 1.0 ml per kg of animal once daily as needed. Administering calcium before delivery occurs can result in eclampsia and death. Calcium borogluconate 23% (w/v) (equivalent to 19.14 mg/mL calcium) INDICATION: As an aid in the treatment of hypocalcemic conditions, such as milk fever, in cattle, horses, sheep, swine, dogs and cats. . The mechanism of these effects is not known, but they occur before there is any measurable improvement in serum potassium concentration. The body of ratio of 1.2 to 1. 2023 MJH Life Sciences and dvm360 | Veterinary News, Veterinarian Insights, Medicine, Pet Care. CALCIUM GLUCONATE 10% Indication Treatment of hypocalcaemia 1 Cardiac arrhythmia when hypocalcaemia or hyperkalaemia present 1 . This includes prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products.
Calcium gluconate: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action - DrugBank calcium gluconate) and strength (i.e. Differential diagnoses include other causes of seizures, such as hypoglycemia, toxicoses, and primary neurologic disorders such as idiopathic epilepsy Congenital and Inherited Cerebral Disorders in Animals Anencephaly means that the brain is largely absent at birth. (Calcium chloride cannot be given subcutaneously.) Glucocorticoids can be useful to promote urinary calcium excretion and to inhibit absorption of calcium from the gut, but extreme care must be taken to ensure that a diagnosis of lymphoma has been excluded. It contains less elemental calcium than other kinds of calcium supplements and may be less bioavailable. Thank you for your question.
Calcium Lactate - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Recommended calcium products include: Oral Cal Plus - for quick dosing that absorbs as soon as it hit's the dog's cheek - and Dr. Roys Healthy Bones. If the poisoning resulted in kidney damage, the prognosis will depend on the extent of the damage and your dogs response to the treatment. The severity of the hyperkalemia generally is proportionate to the degree of azotemia and decrement of urine formation. Again, the dose of calcium is based on the amount of elemental calcium in the product (eg, calcium carbonate tablets contain 295 mg elemental calcium/1-g tablet). Dosage may be repeated after several hours if required, or as recommended by your veterinarian.
Office of Clinical Pharmacology Review - Food and Drug Administration calcium gluconate - UpToDate Calcium Gluconate 23% Injection - McCarthy Vet Calcium gluconate contains 9% calcium, and 1 g yields 4.5 mEq. IV: 1 to 6 months: 400 mg/day Medium dogs: 2 grams to 4 grams per day. Thus, the severity of clinical signs may not correlate with total calcium concentration. Treatment depends on the severity of neurologic signs but usually requires IV administration of calcium gluconate. Infants and Children: 60 to 100 mg/kg/dose (maximum: 3 g/dose); may repeat in 10 minutes if necessary; if effective, consider IV infusion. Regular diet, and. Independence America Holdings Corp. All Rights Reserved. The legacy of this great resource continues in the online and mobile app versions today. Corticosteroids lower serum calcium and, therefore, are contraindicated. Because of the loss of stabilizing membrane-bound calcium ions, nerve membranes become more permeable to sodium ions and require a stimulus of lesser magnitude to depolarize. Roughly 40% of hypercalcemic dogs with lymphoma has mediastinal masses, but hypercalcemia is common in other types of lymphoma as well. Dogs and Cats. Oxygen Recovery Mask Small Dog $ 62.90 Inc. GST Add to cart. CBC and urinalysis findings are usually normal. Dehydrocholic acid . A total serum calcium concentration < 7 mg/dL is confirmatory. dose: 9 g/24 hr. Because glucocorticoids promote renal excretion of calcium, lack of glucocorticoids could also be associated with increased resorption. In dogs with hypocalcemia, the usual dose is 25 to 75 mg per pound (50 to 150 mg/kg) of 10% calcium gluconate solution slowly by intravenous injection with careful monitoring of the heart rate. The dosage of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) is 0.030.06 mcg/kg per day. See the Terms of Use for further details. Because calcium carbonate contains 40% elemental calcium, one 750 tablet contains 300 mg of calcium, so a cat would need approximately 3 tablets daily for calcium supplementation.
Cardiac arrest in the presence of hyperkalemia or hypocalcemia, magnesium toxicity, or calcium antagonist toxicity: Dosage expressed in mg of calcium gluconate: IV or intraosseous IO: The etiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic approach to hypocalcemia are reviewed . Use for phrases Learn about the foods that contain calcium. Follow your healthcare provider's instructions about any restrictions on food, beverages, or activity. If hypercalcemia results from overdosage, it can be rapidly corrected by discontinuing calcitriol. Daily maintenance calcium:
PDF Calcium Gluconate Neonatal - kemh.health.wa.gov.au Many organ . Calcium gluconate is available in 500 975 mg calcium gluconate (45-90 mg of elemental calcium) tablets. .
Some cats require post-operative supplementation for up to 6 months, but eventually normal parathyroid gland function returns. An enlarged parathyroid gland is usually not palpable in dogs, but can be palpated about half of the time in cats with the disease. 1000 to 2000 mg (10 to 20 mL) IV one time at a rate not to exceed 0.5 to 2 mL/min. Use intravenously in horses. The physical examination findings in animals with primary hyperparathyroidism are usually normal. Ionised calcium less than 0.65mmol/L (<0.75mmol/L if symptomatic) Hyperkalaemia Contraindications Contraindicated in patients with ventricular fibrillation or hypercalcaemia Dose Note: Prescribe calcium salt in full (i.e. Prepare for the unexpected by getting a quote from top pet insurance providers. Currently formulated commercial renal diets likely provide excessive dietary loads of potassium (when consumed to meet daily nutrient requirements) that cannot be excreted effectively in animals with moderate/severe renal dysfunction. Giant breeds will need 2000 mg. Calcium should only be offered after labor has begun.
Calcium Gluconate Article - StatPearls Cats, do not exceed 1mL per dose. How to use Calcium Gluconate. THIS SERVICE AND DATA ARE PROVIDED "AS IS". /2022 Commonly prescribed for: . Gender. The initial recommended dose is 10 to 20 ml of 10% calcium chloride (30 to 60 ml for calcium gluconate) with repeat boluses every 10 to 20 minutes for 3 or 4 additional doses if clinical response is inadequate. When expressed at the sinus node and on myocardial cells these perturbations cause classic electrocardiographic abnormalities associated with the severity of hyperkalemia. It is environmentally sustainable. Azotemia can be present because of the deleterious effects of hypercalcemia on the kidney (renal mineralization). Doses may be repeated every 1 to 3 days as needed and tolerated to normalize the serum calcium level.
Hyperkalemia has become recognized in animals undergoing extended hemodialysis. In my experience, the first clinical sign of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia is anorexia. Although uncommon in queens, hypocalcemia may occur during early lactation. Identification Summary. The factors which decide the required calcium are: Size. high levels of calcium in your blood-- nausea, vomiting, constipation, increased thirst or urination, muscle weakness, bone pain, confusion, lack of energy, or feeling tired.
Calcium Channel Blocker Toxicity - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf Recurrence of hyperparathyroidism is extremely uncommon following surgery, and surgery is, therefore, almost always curative. If you have the calcium supplement packaging available bring it along to the clinic as the more information provided to the veterinary team, the better. Novocal. Hypocalcemia secondary to citrated blood infusion: 2023 MJH Life Sciences and dvm360 | Veterinary News, Veterinarian Insights, Medicine, Pet Care. Dystocia refers to abnormal or difficult birth. Phosphate < 2 mmol / L Phosphate 2 - 3 mmol / L Phosphate > 3 mmol / L Mild (asymptomatic) 0.80-0.99 mmol/L Consider oral Oral calcium supplementation is easier. In cats, the dosage of calcium is ~0.51 g/day, in divided doses. . If the signs of toxicity are relatively mild, blood tests are within normal ranges, and your dog appears stable, he may be sent home with instructions for you to monitor him for changes in behavior or health condition. Oral: Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 5 Feb 2023), Cerner Multum (updated 22 Feb 2023), ASHP (updated 12 Feb 2023) and others. Clinical signs of hypercalcemia can be difficult to detect. Max. Bone meal has also been used as a calcium source; however, the effects are similar when compared to the manufactured . Hypercalcemia; concomitant use of IV calcium gluconate with ceftriaxone in neonates (28 days of age). A healthcare provider will give you this injection. The duration of administration depends on the condition being treated, response to the medication and the development of any adverse effects. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.
Calcium Gluconate 23% Injection (Canada) - Drugs.com Vet Clin North Am: Sm Anim Pract. over 4-6h. A healthy adult dog generally requires 50 mg of calcium per kilogram of body weight. Treatment of hypercalcemia associated with Addison's disease is not necessary.
Hypocalcemia in Dogs and Cats - Merck Veterinary Manual 1. Calcium gluconate: hypocalcemia: 94-140 mg/kg slow IV. Oral: 400 mg/day Take calcium gluconate oral with plenty of water. over 20-30 min or Soluble insulin: 0.5 IU/kg i.v. Usual Adult Dose for Exchange Transfusion: 300 mg (3 mL) IV one time with each 100 mL of citrated blood at a rate not to exceed 0.5 to 2 mL/min. Daily maintenance calcium: 4 to 8 years: 800 mg/day Oral: (Dose expressed in mg of elemental calcium): We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. For example, a 5 kg dog needs 250 mg of calcium per day. Pregnant and lactating dogs use high amounts of calcium to maintain the growing fetuses and produce enough milk to sustain the litter. Furosemide can also be used to promote urinary calcium loss. Hypocalcemia (dose depends on clinical condition and serum calcium level): Used as a calcium supplement at a dose of 300 mg/kg given in divided doses over a 24 hour period.
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